Ghanaian Recipes

Shito (Black Pepper Sauce)

Shito is Ghana's black pepper sauce, and it is the condiment the country's food is built around. Dried fish, dried shrimp, onion, ginger and a very large quantity of ground pepper are cooked down in oil until the whole thing turns near black and the oil separates and rises. It is intensely savoury, genuinely hot, and used a spoonful at a time. What makes it structurally interesting is that it keeps. Fried properly, shito lasts weeks or months on a shelf without refrigeration, because the oil seals it and there is almost no water left in it. That is why Ghanaians abroad carry jars of it in luggage and why it is made in large batches rather than small ones. Its reach across the Ghanaian table is close to total. Waakye, kenkey and banku are barely considered complete without it. Beyond those it goes with jollof, fried rice, braised rice, gari, fried yam, fried plantain, grilled meat and, as the source for this recipe points out, bread. It is the thing that carries Ghanaian food, and the one rule about keeping it matters: only ever take shito out with a clean dry spoon, because a wet spoon introduces water and the jar will spoil.

★★★★★Highest Rated

1 hr 20 minMediumGhana

Recipe by Amanda Dadson · Africook

Grilled Tilapia with Lemon, Garlic and Ginger

Whole tilapia scored, marinated in an oil-based spice mixture, oven-grilled, then coated in a fresh green pepper base and returned to the heat. The two-stage seasoning is what makes it, and it is a West African approach rather than a simple marinade. The first stage is a dry-spice oil: vegetable oil with fish seasoning, white and black pepper, ginger, garlic, onion powder and lemon juice, worked into the cuts. The second is a green pepper base built in a food processor from green and red scotch bonnets, bell peppers, spinach, dill, coriander, ginger, garlic and onion, fried briefly in oil and then smeared over the part-cooked fish. That green base is the interesting part. Blending leafy greens and fresh herbs into a pepper sauce is characteristic of Ghanaian and wider West African fish cookery, and it gives colour and a fresh, sharp finish that a marinade applied only at the start cannot. The scoring is not decorative either: two or three cuts on each side let both stages of seasoning reach the flesh rather than sitting on the skin. Tilapia is native to African fresh waters and is the fish most associated with Ghanaian grilling, usually eaten with banku.

50 minMediumGhana · African

Recipe by Rashidatu Alhassan · Africook

Ghanaian Chale Sauce

This is a blended tomato, onion and chilli sauce in the West African style, cooked down in oil and finished with a spice blend, and it is presented here as it appeared in the source archive. It is used as a dip for fried plantain and grilled meat and as a marinade for chicken or fish. The name needs care. Chale is Ghanaian pidgin, an address between friends roughly equivalent to mate or bro, and it appears in Ghanaian food naming most familiarly in chale wote, the flip flop sandal that gives its name to the Accra street art festival. It is not, on the available record, an established name for a documented Ghanaian sauce, and this may be a contemporary or house name rather than a traditional one. Ghana's documented pepper sauces are shito, the dark fermented sauce of dried fish, prawn and pepper, and the fresh pepper sauces made with tomato, onion and chilli that accompany kelewele and grilled tilapia. This recipe sits closer to the second group, though the nutmeg and curry powder in its spice list are not characteristic of either. It is included as found, and flagged so the naming can be checked before it goes live.

★★★★★Highest Rated

1 hr 10 minEasyGhana

Recipe by Laila · Africook

Akotonshi (Stuffed Crab)

Akotonshi is stuffed crab, and in Ghana it is feast food. Large fresh blue or red crabs are cooked whole, the meat picked out and mixed with a heavily spiced tomato and pepper base, then packed back into the cleaned shells, topped with breadcrumbs and browned under heat. The spicing is what marks it as Ghanaian rather than a generic stuffed crab. Nutmeg, cumin, cloves and thyme go in alongside dried shrimp and African bird peppers, and grains of paradise appear in some versions. Grains of paradise, Aframomum melegueta, is a West African spice related to cardamom that gave the Guinea coast its old European name, the Grain Coast, and its presence here is a marker of the region rather than a flourish. It is a dish for occasions. Ghanaians associate it with public celebrations and family gatherings rather than with everyday cooking, partly because fresh crab bought from local fishermen is not an everyday purchase. The crab shells serve as the serving vessel, which is much of its appeal at a table, and ramekins do the job when whole crabs are not available.

★★★★★Highest Rated

1 hrMediumGhana · West African

Recipe by Jennifer · Africook